New name: Nagaon (from Nowgong, meaning New Settlement by Momai Tamuli Barbarua)

On the north, Nagaon is bounded by Sonitpur district & the Brahmaputra, towards its south lies West Karbi Anglong and North Cachar Hills, towards its east lies the districts of East Karbi Anglong and Golaghat

The area of the district spans 4435.3 Sq. Km. making it one of the largest districts of Assam. The district extends between 25° 45' to 26° 45' North Latitudes. Its highlands include the Hatimura parbat with an elevation of 186.5 m, the Barkandali with an altitude of 853 m and the Kamakhya parbat with an altitude of 244 m. The average altitude of the district is 60.6 m

Its major rivers include the Brahmaputra, Kalong, Sonai, Nanoi, Jamuna, Kopili and the Barpani.

There are several beels, marshy lands and swamps; these are in reality the old abandoned channels of the Kalong and the Kopili rivers. These are the Marikalong, Potakalong, Haribhanga, Jongalbalahu, Samoguri beel, Urigadang and the Nawbhanga. These beels are major unused resources of the district. There are about two hundred numerous marshy lands here.

Together with Morigaon district, it has the shape of a broken dish. The north and the south are uplands. Geomorphologically Marigaon and Nagaon together constitute a Geomorphological area. The general slope of the district is towards the west. The eastern, north eastern and the south eastern parts are hilly terrains.

The climate is in general Monsoon type. But there are some differences from the other districts of Assam. Rainfall increases towards the east and the west of Assam from this district. The climate is of an extreme type compared to other districts of Assam. The pattern of rainfall is such that the south is usually dry and the north is relatively rainier. Rainfall from south to north increases from 1000 mm per annum to 2000 mm per annum. The area around Lanka is a semi desert. The cold season is from December to February. Floods create havoc usually from June to October. The monsoon lasts from April to May. The post monsoon season lasts from October to November. The average rainfall is about 1750 mm. Deforestation, El-Nino effect; speedy urbanization and global warming in general are changing the rainfall pattern of the district. Today the district has a vegetation cover of only 12%.

Nagaon town is situated at 92 ° 41' 39" E and 26 ° 20' 39" N .Geologically, the soil is of sandy new alluvium. The town has an average altitude of 61m from mean sea level. The town has an average rainfall of 1760 mm per annum. Temperature in winter varies from a maximum of 24.8 ° Celcius to a minimum of 11.2 ° Celcius. In summer, temperature varies from a maximum of 32.9 ° Celcius to a minimum of 25.5 ° Celcius. The annual average maximum temperature is 30.4 ° Celcius and the minimum is 19.8 ° Celcius.

The major river is the Kalong which divides the town into two halves - Haibargaon and Nagaon. Haibargaon slopes down towards the west and then to the south west towards the Sonai. Nagaon slopes down first towards the south east and then southwards to the beels and then towards Kalong.

The major river is the Kalong which divides the town into two halves - Haibargaon and Nagaon. Haibargaon slopes down towards the west and then to the south west towards the Sonai. Nagaon slopes down first towards the south east and then southwards to the beels and then towards Kalong.